{"id":7385,"date":"2026-04-01T13:08:33","date_gmt":"2026-04-01T11:08:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/phage-therapy-for-cystitis-or-urinary-tract-infection\/"},"modified":"2026-04-10T13:44:09","modified_gmt":"2026-04-10T11:44:09","slug":"phage-therapy-for-cystitis-or-urinary-tract-infection","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/en\/phage-therapy-for-cystitis-or-urinary-tract-infection\/","title":{"rendered":"Phage Therapy for Cystitis or Urinary Tract Infection"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lsvr09sf-fd2e70144a583d7a9e1164a6e15aa09e\">\n.avia-section.av-lsvr09sf-fd2e70144a583d7a9e1164a6e15aa09e{\nbackground-repeat:no-repeat;\nbackground-image:url(https:\/\/www.phage.help\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/blasenentzuendung_phage.jpg);\nbackground-position:50% 50%;\nbackground-attachment:scroll;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av_section_1'  class='avia-section av-lsvr09sf-fd2e70144a583d7a9e1164a6e15aa09e main_color avia-section-large avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-first  avia-full-stretch avia-bg-style-scroll av-minimum-height av-minimum-height-50 av-height-50  container_wrap sidebar_right'  data-section-bg-repeat='stretch' data-av_minimum_height_pc='50' data-av_min_height_opt='50'><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><main  role=\"main\" itemprop=\"mainContentOfPage\"  class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-7385'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lsvr0s73-f8d6650d0307e37845a9debc596dc979\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-lsvr0s73-f8d6650d0307e37845a9debc596dc979 .avia_textblock{\ncolor:#0a0a0a;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lsvr0s73-f8d6650d0307e37845a9debc596dc979 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock styli av_inherit_color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h1 class=\"styli\" style=\"text-align: center;\">CYSTITIS<\/h1>\n<h2 class=\"styli\" style=\"text-align: center;\">WHY BACTERIOPHAGES FOR URINARY TRACT INFECTION?<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<\/div><\/div><\/main><!-- close content main element --><\/div><\/div><div id='after_section_1'  class='main_color av_default_container_wrap container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-7385'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-bevy9y-03873bad126fac1e9434ed816ea8762c\">\n.flex_column.av-bevy9y-03873bad126fac1e9434ed816ea8762c{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-bevy9y-03873bad126fac1e9434ed816ea8762c av_one_full  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-mmnmrxlf-3e0886fa2ebf80bd71eafc6fc2c18d6f\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-mmnmrxlf-3e0886fa2ebf80bd71eafc6fc2c18d6f .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-mmnmrxlf-3e0886fa2ebf80bd71eafc6fc2c18d6f '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 data-path-to-node=\"4,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"4,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Quick Check: Phage Therapy for Urinary Tract Infections<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"4,1\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"4,1,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"4,1,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Efficacy:<\/b> Highly specific against uropathogenic bacteria such as <i data-path-to-node=\"4,1,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"57\">E. coli<\/i> and <i data-path-to-node=\"4,1,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"69\">Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/i>, including multidrug-resistant strains (ESBL).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"4,1,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"4,1,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Safety:<\/b> Virtually free of side effects, as phages exclusively target pathogenic bacteria and protect the beneficial flora (microbiome).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"4,1,2,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"4,1,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Status:<\/b> Currently accessible in the EU primarily through individual compassionate use or specialized pharmacies (magistral formulations).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"4,2\"><i data-path-to-node=\"4,2\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">This article has been professionally reviewed based on current clinical guidelines and studies on bacteriophage use.<\/i><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-4bhume-05acbaed0b04a61e55e40dcececd8ba0\">\n.flex_column.av-4bhume-05acbaed0b04a61e55e40dcececd8ba0{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-4bhume-05acbaed0b04a61e55e40dcececd8ba0 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_toggle_container  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-2d5wxi-4c2ca9c3deb559a0da5971d9fac6fb6e\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-2d5wxi-4c2ca9c3deb559a0da5971d9fac6fb6e .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-2d5wxi-4c2ca9c3deb559a0da5971d9fac6fb6e '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 data-path-to-node=\"5\"><b data-path-to-node=\"5\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Phage Therapy for Urinary Tract Infections: Knowledge Base &amp; Background<\/b><\/h2>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"6\">Urinary tract infections (UTIs), particularly classic cystitis, are among the most common bacterial infections worldwide. Women are particularly affected due to anatomical factors, often experiencing multiple infections per year. As the causative bacteria increasingly develop resistance to common antibiotics, <b data-path-to-node=\"6\" data-index-in-node=\"337\">phage therapy<\/b> offers a highly efficient, biological solution.  <\/p>\n<h2 data-path-to-node=\"7\"><b data-path-to-node=\"7\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Causes and Challenges of Urinary Tract Infections<\/b><\/h2>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"8\">Most urinary tract infections are caused by so-called <b data-path-to-node=\"8\" data-index-in-node=\"55\">uropathogenic bacteria<\/b> that ascend through the urethra into the bladder.<\/p>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"9\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"9,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"9,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Primary pathogens:<\/b> In approximately 80% of cases, <b data-path-to-node=\"9,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"40\">Escherichia coli<\/b> is responsible. Other relevant pathogens include <i data-path-to-node=\"9,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"102\">Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/i>, <i data-path-to-node=\"9,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"125\">Proteus mirabilis<\/i>, and <i data-path-to-node=\"9,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"147\">Enterococcus faecalis<\/i>. <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"9,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"9,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">The problem of recurrence:<\/b> Many patients suffer from chronic recurrent infections. One reason for this is the ability of bacteria to penetrate the bladder wall or form <b data-path-to-node=\"9,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"178\">biofilms<\/b>, where they are protected from antibiotics and the immune system. <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<div  class='togglecontainer av-lsvr344p-9f70702fcfce4fa7e6e8ccaa91b619dd av-elegant-toggle  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_half  toggle_close_all' >\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-lsvr1pbt-13d14cb2b42fbc1424bfe19779598ab5'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-1' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-1' class='toggler  av-title-above '  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-1' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"Symptoms\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: Symptoms\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: Symptoms\">Symptoms<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-1' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-1' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color '  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2>Symptoms and Treatment of Cystitis<\/h2>\n<p>Typical symptoms of the infection include increased urinary urgency with burning and pain during urination.<\/p>\n<p>The most common cause of urinary tract infection is the intestinal bacterium Escherichia coli, but the pathogen Klebsiella spp. or Pseudomonas spp. can also cause such an infection. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.msdmanuals.com\/de\/profi\/urogenitaltrakt\/harnwegsinfektionen-hwis\/bakterielle-harnwegsinfektionen-hwis\">Details here<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-lsvr2ssd-f639b2ba82c7bd23953c485bc2040296'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-2' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-2' class='toggler  av-title-above '  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-2' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"Phage therapy\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: Phage therapy\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: Phage therapy\">Phage therapy<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-2' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-2' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color '  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2>Phage Therapy for Cystitis<\/h2>\n<p>Phage therapy is used in Eastern Europe for the treatment of urinary tract infections. Particularly patients who already have antibiotic intolerance benefit from this therapy. Antibiotics and bacteriophages are also used in combination!  <\/p>\n<p>Additionally, bacteriophages are used to prevent the recurrence of urinary tract infections. This is used, for example, in people with a weakened immune system or allergies, as they have an increased risk of developing another infection.<\/p>\n<p>There are various phage cocktails on the market that contain different phages.<\/p>\n<p>Some phage cocktails contain phages that lyse or kill the following bacteria:<br \/>\nStreptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus mirabilis<\/p>\n<p>Some other phage cocktails contain phages that lyse or kill the following bacteria:<br \/>\nEscherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-lsvr335y-e9c00046fbdca28354f436ede8244813'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-3' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-3' class='toggler  av-title-above '  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-3' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"Escherichia coli\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: Escherichia coli\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: Escherichia coli\">Escherichia coli<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-3' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-3' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color '  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2>Escherichia coli<\/h2>\n<p>As mentioned above, urinary tract infection is predominantly caused by the bacterium Escherichia coli, but also Klebsiella or Pseudomonas bacteria. Depending on which bacterium causes the infection, the corresponding cocktail is used. For example, if Klebsiella pneumoniae is detected, a phage cocktail containing Klebsiella pneumoniae phages is used.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-o73lgm-6a7f594788890a25cbdc793650b4d5fe\">\n#top .flex_column.av-o73lgm-6a7f594788890a25cbdc793650b4d5fe{\nmargin-top:10px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.flex_column.av-o73lgm-6a7f594788890a25cbdc793650b4d5fe{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-o73lgm-6a7f594788890a25cbdc793650b4d5fe{\nmargin-top:10px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-o73lgm-6a7f594788890a25cbdc793650b4d5fe av_one_half  avia-builder-el-7  el_after_av_toggle_container  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ml16ty-a9ddb57a92d0cdbd26ab189197f872e5\">\n.avia-image-container.av-ml16ty-a9ddb57a92d0cdbd26ab189197f872e5 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-ml16ty-a9ddb57a92d0cdbd26ab189197f872e5 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-ml16ty-a9ddb57a92d0cdbd26ab189197f872e5 av-styling- av-img-linked avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-8  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.phage24.com\/Bakteriophagen\" class='avia_image '  aria-label='snipha-360-bacteriophages-microorganisms~2'><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-6902 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-6902 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/snipha-360-bakteriophagen-mikroorganismen2.jpg\" alt='' title='snipha-360-bacteriophages-microorganisms~2'  height=\"800\" width=\"800\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/snipha-360-bakteriophagen-mikroorganismen2.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.phage.help\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/snipha-360-bakteriophagen-mikroorganismen2-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.phage.help\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/snipha-360-bakteriophagen-mikroorganismen2-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/www.phage.help\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/snipha-360-bakteriophagen-mikroorganismen2-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.phage.help\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/snipha-360-bakteriophagen-mikroorganismen2-36x36.jpg 36w, https:\/\/www.phage.help\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/snipha-360-bakteriophagen-mikroorganismen2-180x180.jpg 180w, https:\/\/www.phage.help\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/snipha-360-bakteriophagen-mikroorganismen2-705x705.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kk2ina-ef2e48024c6f269d3b227bfb3ec45248\">\n#top .flex_column.av-kk2ina-ef2e48024c6f269d3b227bfb3ec45248{\nmargin-top:10px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.flex_column.av-kk2ina-ef2e48024c6f269d3b227bfb3ec45248{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-kk2ina-ef2e48024c6f269d3b227bfb3ec45248{\nmargin-top:10px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-kk2ina-ef2e48024c6f269d3b227bfb3ec45248 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-9  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_full  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-irwms6-d00ef808cf1e24963d29b27faca2a9ac '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">Purchasing Bacteriophages for Cystitis<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-h5cnfq-57de7dda4eb3c1251818b87edb9046cf '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Treatment with bacteriophages is usually started immediately. Since bacteriophages have no side effects, this procedure is harmless.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-douheu-70a99f299fde02fbaba157189f74fd96 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The goal of phage therapy is to bring the phages to the location where bacteria are present.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-vm0ndy-79654d3dc3981611f074c6c1865a0fa2\">\n#top .flex_column.av-vm0ndy-79654d3dc3981611f074c6c1865a0fa2{\nmargin-top:30px;\nmargin-bottom:30px;\n}\n.flex_column.av-vm0ndy-79654d3dc3981611f074c6c1865a0fa2{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-vm0ndy-79654d3dc3981611f074c6c1865a0fa2{\nmargin-top:30px;\nmargin-bottom:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-vm0ndy-79654d3dc3981611f074c6c1865a0fa2 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-14  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-v8v6mu-7e4f09ed403a1e572bcfed7694bc4d34 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">Application of Bacteriophages for Cystitis<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lsvr6gay-81bac764a06dee5b3bba4078d3eb2fca '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h3><strong>Oral intake:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Children: <\/strong><strong>2 \u00d7 8 ml daily<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Adults: <\/strong> <strong>2 \u00d7 10 ml daily <\/strong> <\/p>\n<p data-start=\"52\" data-end=\"253\">To help phages pass through stomach acid, before taking them you may drink a <strong>glass of water<\/strong> (250 ml) with <strong>half a teaspoon of sodium bicarbonate<\/strong> (baking soda).<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"255\" data-end=\"425\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">Ideally, the baking soda should be taken <strong>in connection with a meal<\/strong>. <strong>Immediately after the meal, the phages should then be taken<\/strong>. <\/p>\n<p>The total duration of therapy should be approximately 14 days.<\/p>\n<p>An alkaline diet and drinking plenty of water (approx. 2 L\/day) is supportive during phage therapy.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Summary:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Children: <\/strong>2 \u00d7 8 ml daily<br \/>\n<strong>Adults: <\/strong>2 \u00d7 10 ml daily<br \/>\n<strong>Duration of <\/strong><strong>application: <\/strong>14 days<\/p>\n<h3>Catheter<\/h3>\n<p>Instead of oral administration, the phage cocktail can also be introduced via a catheter.<\/p>\n<p>For this purpose, after bladder emptying, the phage cocktail is introduced via a catheter. <strong>Once daily, 20 ml<\/strong> of the phage cocktail is introduced into the bladder via a catheter. If bacteria are already present in the kidney area, oral administration is additionally performed.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><\/p>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-d1m5dy-c3fafa7220231a965b6221c92bcd2467\">\n#top .flex_column.av-d1m5dy-c3fafa7220231a965b6221c92bcd2467{\nmargin-top:10px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.flex_column.av-d1m5dy-c3fafa7220231a965b6221c92bcd2467{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-d1m5dy-c3fafa7220231a965b6221c92bcd2467{\nmargin-top:10px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-d1m5dy-c3fafa7220231a965b6221c92bcd2467 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-17  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-bf562e-30e4e5a9ead7ba4780554bf92aadb2f6\">\n.avia-image-container.av-bf562e-30e4e5a9ead7ba4780554bf92aadb2f6 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-bf562e-30e4e5a9ead7ba4780554bf92aadb2f6 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-bf562e-30e4e5a9ead7ba4780554bf92aadb2f6 av-styling- av-img-linked avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-18  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.phage24.com\/Bakterien-Untersuchung-Antibiogramm-Phagogramm\" class='avia_image '  aria-label='bacteria-examination-antibiogram-phagogram'><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-6903 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-6903 avia_image ' 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https:\/\/www.phage.help\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/bakterien-untersuchung-antibiogramm-phagogramm.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-9tnjw6-8037f0a021f954f65744a7b624861fa7\">\n#top .flex_column.av-9tnjw6-8037f0a021f954f65744a7b624861fa7{\nmargin-top:10px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.flex_column.av-9tnjw6-8037f0a021f954f65744a7b624861fa7{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-9tnjw6-8037f0a021f954f65744a7b624861fa7{\nmargin-top:10px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-9tnjw6-8037f0a021f954f65744a7b624861fa7 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-19  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_toggle_container  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-r9amu-29c0b1b86a11fb7f843d513cddf752c2 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">Diagnostics of phage therapy<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-586c0m-8ad70a86ca71f9b195ef0e187697e3f3 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>If desired, diagnostics for phage therapy (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/bakteriophagen\/antibiogram-phagogramm-definition-ablauf-und-anwendungen\/\">phagogram<\/a>) precede treatment to determine the disease-causing germ.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-256x52-455dc12b4b8ef1bcaeee8f2a9736a0f7 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Bacteriophages can only be effective if the corresponding host bacterium is present.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n<div  class='togglecontainer av-mmsxrdgx-11033b311e53097fcb3225321826c987 av-elegant-toggle  avia-builder-el-24  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_textblock  toggle_close_all' >\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-mmsxq0b2-38972d5dc70fb2e5b99f207aa34d0c36'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-4' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-4' class='toggler  av-title-above '  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-4' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"Scientific Classification &amp; Study Status\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: Scientific Classification &amp; Study Status\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: Scientific Classification &amp; Study Status\">Scientific Classification &amp; Study Status<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-4' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-4' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p data-path-to-node=\"8\">The scientific evidence for the use of phages in urinary tract infections has been significantly strengthened through cooperation between the Georgian <b data-path-to-node=\"8\" data-index-in-node=\"137\">Eliava Institute<\/b> and Western research centers. While the Eliava Institute has over 90 years of clinical experience, European projects such as <b data-path-to-node=\"8\" data-index-in-node=\"315\">PhagoBurn<\/b> and clinical studies at the <b data-path-to-node=\"8\" data-index-in-node=\"350\">Queen Astrid Military Hospital (Belgium)<\/b> have defined the standards for purification and application according to GMP guidelines. <\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"9\">Studies demonstrate that phages are particularly effective against biofilms in which <i data-path-to-node=\"9\" data-index-in-node=\"85\">Escherichia coli<\/i> and <i data-path-to-node=\"9\" data-index-in-node=\"106\">Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/i> &#8220;hide&#8221; in the bladder wall, thereby causing chronic infections. Since phages replicate at the site of infection as long as host bacteria are present, they offer a kinetic advantage over statically dosed antibiotics. Current data from 2025\/2026 also suggest that combination with standard antibiotics can significantly increase the cure rate in complicated UTIs.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-mmsxqg42-73f5ca6a936ee7ea5c92486b35f3ab5f'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-5' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-5' class='toggler  av-title-above '  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-5' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)\">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-5' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-5' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p data-path-to-node=\"11\"><b data-path-to-node=\"11\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Are Bacteriophages Officially Approved in Germany?<\/b>  Bacteriophages are currently not approved as standard finished medicinal products in Germany. Application is legally conducted as an individual compassionate use treatment according to the Declaration of Helsinki or through the preparation of individual formulations in specialized pharmacies following medical prescription. <\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"12\"><b data-path-to-node=\"12\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">How Quickly Do Phages Work in Acute Cystitis?<\/b>  With precisely matched phages, onset of action is often noticeable within 12 to 24 hours. Since phages lyse (dissolve) the bacteria, inflammatory symptoms usually subside rapidly. Nevertheless, application should continue for at least 7 to 14 days for sustainable pathogen elimination.  <\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"13\"><b data-path-to-node=\"13\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Can Phages Be Used in Parallel with Antibiotic Therapy?<\/b>  Yes, combination therapy is possible and often advantageous. Phages can break down the bacterial protective layer (biofilm), allowing antibiotics to reach the pathogen more effectively. This is referred to as a synergistic effect.  <\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"14\"><b data-path-to-node=\"14\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Why Is a Phagogram Recommended Before Therapy?<\/b>  Since phages are highly specific, laboratory testing must be performed beforehand to determine whether the available phages can infect the patient&#8217;s specific bacterial strain. A phagogram prevents inappropriate treatment and ensures therapeutic success. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-mmsxqofx-c18bd318794d75b9069ad7be0339c6e1'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-6' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-6' class='toggler  av-title-above '  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-6' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"Scientific Sources &amp; References\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: Scientific Sources &amp; References\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: Scientific Sources &amp; References\">Scientific Sources &amp; References<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-6' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-6' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color '  itemprop=\"text\" ><h3 data-start=\"199\" data-end=\"477\">Phage Therapy for Urinary Tract Infections: Progress and Challenges<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00192-025-06136-8\">https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00192-025-06136-8<\/a><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"heading-title\">Phage-antibiotic synergy restores \u03b2-lactam efficacy in MDR Klebsiella quasipneumoniae biofilms and suppresses resistance<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"484\" data-end=\"805\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/41776548\/\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/41776548\/<\/a><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ArticleDetailsV4__main__title\">Development of Phage Cocktails to Treat <i>E. coli<\/i> Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection and Associated Biofilms<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"812\" data-end=\"1081\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/microbiology\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2022.796132\/full\">https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/microbiology\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2022.796132\/full<\/a><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1088\" data-end=\"1322\">\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-jqh0hmsi-0a8ee92d749e5b8484074a7aa79cc2f1 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h3>Studies on the Treatment of Cystitis or <span lang=\"de\">Urinary Tract Infections<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=de&amp;sl=en&amp;tl=de&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.frontiersin.org%2Farticles%2F10.3389%2Ffmicb.2018.01832%2Ffull\"><span lang=\"de\">Bacteriophages for the Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-6uagdi-95a7fb15ef98a790a98c5ebda9223cb4\">\n.flex_column.av-6uagdi-95a7fb15ef98a790a98c5ebda9223cb4{\nborder-radius:0 0 0 0;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-6uagdi-95a7fb15ef98a790a98c5ebda9223cb4 av_one_fourth  avia-builder-el-26  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_three_fourth  autor first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-jql9i-49725a303498e62f9cfab2f53e653aff\">\n.avia-image-container.av-jql9i-49725a303498e62f9cfab2f53e653aff img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-jql9i-49725a303498e62f9cfab2f53e653aff .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-jql9i-49725a303498e62f9cfab2f53e653aff av-styling-circle avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-27  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-7050 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-7050 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Antonia-Weber.png\" alt='' title='Antonia Weber'  height=\"1024\" width=\"1024\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Antonia-Weber.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.phage.help\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Antonia-Weber-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.phage.help\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Antonia-Weber-80x80.png 80w, https:\/\/www.phage.help\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Antonia-Weber-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.phage.help\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Antonia-Weber-36x36.png 36w, https:\/\/www.phage.help\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Antonia-Weber-180x180.png 180w, https:\/\/www.phage.help\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Antonia-Weber-705x705.png 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-4vu0na-e7724b980ceb95410903f9b9dc8fc837\">\n.flex_column.av-4vu0na-e7724b980ceb95410903f9b9dc8fc837{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-4vu0na-e7724b980ceb95410903f9b9dc8fc837 av_three_fourth  avia-builder-el-28  el_after_av_one_fourth  el_before_av_tab_section  avia-builder-el-last  autor flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-2wrxli-13742db9952f881a052527b3614d9367 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock autor-text'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h3 style=\"text-align: left;\">Author: Antonia Weber<\/h3>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-mnkdhu28-b267e8a1bccdb8ad1d1dd4cbb3620356 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock autor-text'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Antonia Weber is a specialized editor focusing on evidence-based health reporting. With a passion for thorough research and fact-checking, she presents complex medical topics in a clear and objective way. Her goal is to provide readers with well-founded guidance in modern healthcare. She places particular emphasis on the independence of her sources and the transparency of current study results.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div  class='av-post-metadata-container av-mnkdiuse-405f1ad9bab2fa177495d8286516ac69 av-metadata-container-align-left  avia-builder-el-31  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last  av-metadata-container-1'><div class='av-post-metadata-container-inner'><span class=\"av-post-metadata-content av-post-metadata-meta-content\"><span class=\"av-post-metadata-content av-post-metadata-modified\"><span class=\"av-metadata-before av-metadata-before-modified\">Stand:<\/span><span class=\"av-post-metadata-modified-date\" >10. April 2026<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='av-tab-section-1'  class='av-tab-section-container entry-content-wrapper main_color av-tab-no-transition   av-tab-below-content  avia-builder-el-32  el_after_av_three_fourth  el_before_av_textblock  tab-section-not-first container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='av-tab-section-outer-container av-tms4uu-3d03d787a02cd4e785f63492d1601323'><div class='av-tab-section-inner-container avia-section-no-padding' style='width:300vw; left:0%;'><span class=\"av_prev_tab_section av_tab_navigation\"><\/span><span class=\"av_next_tab_section av_tab_navigation\"><\/span>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-r0fcwm-d56d865e3aaffb811b06d40ceea64f3c\">\n.av-layout-tab.av-r0fcwm-d56d865e3aaffb811b06d40ceea64f3c{\nvertical-align:middle;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av-tab-section-1-1' class='av-layout-tab 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class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Next<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id='after_tab_section_1'  class='main_color av_default_container_wrap container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-7385'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-2pq5sm-4bb41fa41c05c41005ee9f2e48331b38 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" >\t\t\t<div id=\"bbpress-forums\">\r\n\t\t\t\n<ul id=\"bbp-forum-0\" class=\"bbp-topics\">\n\t<li class=\"bbp-header\">\n\t\t<ul class=\"forum-titles\">\n\t\t\t<li class=\"bbp-topic-title\">Topic<\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"bbp-topic-voice-count\">Voices<\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"bbp-topic-reply-count\">Posts<\/li>\n\t\t\t<li class=\"bbp-topic-freshness\">Last Post<\/li>\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/li>\n\n\t<li class=\"bbp-body\">\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n<ul id=\"bbp-topic-3300\" class=\"loop-item-0 user-id-3 bbp-parent-forum-3251 odd  super-sticky post-3300 topic type-topic status-publish hentry topic-tag-wo-kann-man-bakteriophagen-kaufen topic-voices-multi\">\n\t<li class=\"bbp-topic-title\">\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"bbp-topic-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/en\/forums\/topic\/wo-kann-man-bakteriophagen-kaufen\/\">Wo kann man Bakteriophagen kaufen?<\/a>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t<span class=\"bbp-topic-pagination\"><a class=\"page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/en\/forums\/topic\/wo-kann-man-bakteriophagen-kaufen\/\">1<\/a>\n<a class=\"page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/en\/forums\/topic\/wo-kann-man-bakteriophagen-kaufen\/page\/2\/\">2<\/a>\n<span class=\"page-numbers dots\">&hellip;<\/span>\n<a class=\"page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/en\/forums\/topic\/wo-kann-man-bakteriophagen-kaufen\/page\/4\/\">4<\/a>\n<a class=\"page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/en\/forums\/topic\/wo-kann-man-bakteriophagen-kaufen\/page\/5\/\">5<\/a><\/span>\n\t\t\n\t\t<p class=\"bbp-topic-meta\">\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<span class=\"bbp-topic-started-by\">Started by: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/en\/forums\/users\/Manuel\/\" title=\"View Manuel&#039;s profile\" class=\"bbp-author-link\"><span  class=\"bbp-author-avatar\"><img alt='' src='https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/3fe509c3467a8180cae260793a3c13a273446d12aa9eabbd7ebc0d96638f478c?s=14&#038;d=mm&#038;r=g' srcset='https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/3fe509c3467a8180cae260793a3c13a273446d12aa9eabbd7ebc0d96638f478c?s=28&#038;d=mm&#038;r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-14 photo' height='14' width='14' \/><\/span><span  class=\"bbp-author-name\">Manuel<\/span><\/a><\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"bbp-topic-started-in\">in: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/en\/forums\/forum\/allgemein\/\">Bakteriophagen<\/a><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/p>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t<\/li>\n\n\t<li class=\"bbp-topic-voice-count\">33<\/li>\n\n\t<li class=\"bbp-topic-reply-count\">61<\/li>\n\n\t<li class=\"bbp-topic-freshness\">\n\n\t\t\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/en\/forums\/topic\/wo-kann-man-bakteriophagen-kaufen\/page\/5\/#post-6354\" title=\"Reply To: Wo kann man Bakteriophagen kaufen?\">2 years, 2 months ago<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<p class=\"bbp-topic-meta\">\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<span class=\"bbp-topic-freshness-author\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/en\/forums\/users\/coco\/\" title=\"View Coco&#039;s profile\" class=\"bbp-author-link\"><span  class=\"bbp-author-avatar\"><img alt='' src='https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c0aad286833e08fd1d1c617b8a8b506c046ff250ed565985e3f2ecac15246c41?s=14&#038;d=mm&#038;r=g' srcset='https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c0aad286833e08fd1d1c617b8a8b506c046ff250ed565985e3f2ecac15246c41?s=28&#038;d=mm&#038;r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-14 photo' height='14' width='14' \/><\/span><span  class=\"bbp-author-name\">Coco<\/span><\/a><\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/p>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul><!-- #bbp-topic-3300 -->\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n<ul id=\"bbp-topic-6602\" class=\"loop-item-1 user-id-87042 bbp-parent-forum-3251 even  post-6602 topic type-topic status-publish hentry topic-tag-zistytis-mit-e-coli topic-voices-single\">\n\t<li class=\"bbp-topic-title\">\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"bbp-topic-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/en\/forums\/topic\/zistytis-mit-e-coli\/\">Zistytis mit e.coli<\/a>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t<p class=\"bbp-topic-meta\">\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<span class=\"bbp-topic-started-by\">Started by: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/en\/forums\/users\/serba\/\" title=\"View Serba&#039;s profile\" class=\"bbp-author-link\"><span  class=\"bbp-author-avatar\"><img alt='' src='https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/329183b12e40f9b13d575e58271924afd737aafb5a1ed9a8b899d7610899a0a7?s=14&#038;d=mm&#038;r=g' srcset='https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/329183b12e40f9b13d575e58271924afd737aafb5a1ed9a8b899d7610899a0a7?s=28&#038;d=mm&#038;r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-14 photo' height='14' width='14' \/><\/span><span  class=\"bbp-author-name\">Serba<\/span><\/a><\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"bbp-topic-started-in\">in: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/en\/forums\/forum\/allgemein\/\">Bakteriophagen<\/a><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/p>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t<\/li>\n\n\t<li class=\"bbp-topic-voice-count\">1<\/li>\n\n\t<li class=\"bbp-topic-reply-count\">1<\/li>\n\n\t<li class=\"bbp-topic-freshness\">\n\n\t\t\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/en\/forums\/topic\/zistytis-mit-e-coli\/\" title=\"Zistytis mit e.coli\">11 months, 3 weeks ago<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<p class=\"bbp-topic-meta\">\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<span class=\"bbp-topic-freshness-author\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/en\/forums\/users\/serba\/\" title=\"View Serba&#039;s profile\" class=\"bbp-author-link\"><span  class=\"bbp-author-avatar\"><img alt='' src='https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/329183b12e40f9b13d575e58271924afd737aafb5a1ed9a8b899d7610899a0a7?s=14&#038;d=mm&#038;r=g' srcset='https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/329183b12e40f9b13d575e58271924afd737aafb5a1ed9a8b899d7610899a0a7?s=28&#038;d=mm&#038;r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-14 photo' height='14' width='14' \/><\/span><span  class=\"bbp-author-name\">Serba<\/span><\/a><\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/p>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul><!-- #bbp-topic-6602 -->\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n<ul id=\"bbp-topic-3898\" class=\"loop-item-2 user-id-11 bbp-parent-forum-3251 odd  post-3898 topic type-topic status-publish hentry topic-tag-viele-fragen topic-voices-multi\">\n\t<li class=\"bbp-topic-title\">\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"bbp-topic-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/en\/forums\/topic\/viele-fragen\/\">Viele Fragen :-)<\/a>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t<span class=\"bbp-topic-pagination\"><a class=\"page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/en\/forums\/topic\/viele-fragen\/\">1<\/a>\n<a class=\"page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/en\/forums\/topic\/viele-fragen\/page\/2\/\">2<\/a><\/span>\n\t\t\n\t\t<p class=\"bbp-topic-meta\">\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<span class=\"bbp-topic-started-by\">Started by: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/en\/forums\/users\/matthias24\/\" title=\"View Matthias24&#039;s profile\" class=\"bbp-author-link\"><span  class=\"bbp-author-avatar\"><img alt='' src='https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7b9119b6970e658b88d7aa51567a7624e9e256b241a2426db8e4edef6f5f8160?s=14&#038;d=mm&#038;r=g' srcset='https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7b9119b6970e658b88d7aa51567a7624e9e256b241a2426db8e4edef6f5f8160?s=28&#038;d=mm&#038;r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-14 photo' height='14' width='14' \/><\/span><span  class=\"bbp-author-name\">Matthias24<\/span><\/a><\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"bbp-topic-started-in\">in: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/en\/forums\/forum\/allgemein\/\">Bakteriophagen<\/a><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/p>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t<\/li>\n\n\t<li class=\"bbp-topic-voice-count\">11<\/li>\n\n\t<li class=\"bbp-topic-reply-count\">23<\/li>\n\n\t<li class=\"bbp-topic-freshness\">\n\n\t\t\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/en\/forums\/topic\/viele-fragen\/page\/2\/#post-6601\" title=\"Reply To: Viele Fragen :-)\">1 year ago<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<p class=\"bbp-topic-meta\">\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<span class=\"bbp-topic-freshness-author\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/en\/forums\/users\/haumea2010\/\" title=\"View Haumea2010&#039;s profile\" class=\"bbp-author-link\"><span  class=\"bbp-author-avatar\"><img alt='' src='https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/cfa78bf3d57e68708d7f5cf2592c876699b7211dae947027955e0a5d55459579?s=14&#038;d=mm&#038;r=g' srcset='https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/cfa78bf3d57e68708d7f5cf2592c876699b7211dae947027955e0a5d55459579?s=28&#038;d=mm&#038;r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-14 photo' height='14' width='14' \/><\/span><span  class=\"bbp-author-name\">Haumea2010<\/span><\/a><\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/p>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul><!-- #bbp-topic-3898 -->\n\n\t\t\n\t<\/li>\n\n\t<li class=\"bbp-footer\">\n\t\t<div class=\"tr\">\n\t\t\t<p>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"td colspan4\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .tr -->\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul><!-- #bbp-forum-0 -->\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7282,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7385","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7385","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7385"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7385\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7439,"href":"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7385\/revisions\/7439"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7282"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7385"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}