{"id":8950,"date":"2024-03-07T10:07:57","date_gmt":"2024-03-07T09:07:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/unkategorisiert\/the-gut-virome-is-linked-to-stress-induced-behavioral-changes-and-immune-responses-in-mice\/"},"modified":"2026-05-18T09:07:14","modified_gmt":"2026-05-18T07:07:14","slug":"the-gut-virome-is-linked-to-stress-induced-behavioral-changes-and-immune-responses-in-mice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/en\/unkategorisiert\/the-gut-virome-is-linked-to-stress-induced-behavioral-changes-and-immune-responses-in-mice\/","title":{"rendered":"The gut virome is linked to stress-induced behavioral changes and immune responses in mice"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-32x6tg-e759e29a8e0eb5558b4bf7b3134992b3\">\n.flex_column.av-32x6tg-e759e29a8e0eb5558b4bf7b3134992b3{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-32x6tg-e759e29a8e0eb5558b4bf7b3134992b3 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_one_half  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lt6y7gdy-cfc3176e44fd1ef34bb0a34161db75f2\">\n.avia-image-container.av-lt6y7gdy-cfc3176e44fd1ef34bb0a34161db75f2 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-lt6y7gdy-cfc3176e44fd1ef34bb0a34161db75f2 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-lt6y7gdy-cfc3176e44fd1ef34bb0a34161db75f2 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-1  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-3471 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-3471 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.phage.help\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/koli-bacteria.jpg?fit=1600%2C400&ssl=1\" alt='' title='koli-bacteria'  height=\"400\" width=\"1600\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.phage.help\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/koli-bacteria.jpg?w=1600&amp;ssl=1 1600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.phage.help\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/koli-bacteria.jpg?resize=300%2C75&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.phage.help\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/koli-bacteria.jpg?resize=768%2C192&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.phage.help\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/koli-bacteria.jpg?resize=1030%2C258&amp;ssl=1 1030w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.phage.help\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/koli-bacteria.jpg?resize=1500%2C375&amp;ssl=1 1500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.phage.help\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/koli-bacteria.jpg?resize=705%2C176&amp;ssl=1 705w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.phage.help\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/koli-bacteria.jpg?resize=450%2C113&amp;ssl=1 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-d13j8-8ec0a7dba69d9a0751db5b3f4751da33\">\n.flex_column.av-d13j8-8ec0a7dba69d9a0751db5b3f4751da33{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-d13j8-8ec0a7dba69d9a0751db5b3f4751da33 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-lt6y4iy5-6e1ee09cadb6f67ffed6f1e804f6e702 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><span>Stress-related psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety are among the highest lifetime prevalences worldwide and represent a significant societal burden <\/span><sup><a id=\"ref-link-section-d56601826e764\" title=\"Kessler, RC et al. Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 62, 593\u2013602 (2005).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41564-023-01564-y#ref-CR1\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\"><span>1<\/span><\/a><span>, <\/span><a id=\"ref-link-section-d56601826e764_1\" title=\"Collaborators, GMD Global, regional, and national burden of 12 mental disorders in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Psychiatry 9, 137\u2013150 (2022).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41564-023-01564-y#ref-CR2\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\"><span>2<\/span><\/a><span>, <\/span><a id=\"ref-link-section-d56601826e767\" title=\"Kessler, RC, Petukhova, M., Sampson, NA, Zaslavsky, AM &amp; Wittchen, HU Twelve-month and lifetime prevalence and lifetime morbid risk of anxiety and mood disorders in the United States. Int. J. Methods Psychiatr. Res. 21, 169\u2013184 (2012).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41564-023-01564-y#ref-CR3\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Referenz 3\"><span>3<\/span><\/a><\/sup><span>  . Therefore, understanding the biological consequences of chronic stress is an important path in developing new strategies for stress-related disorders. Increasing evidence suggests that brain-gut interactions can govern the response to stress   <\/span><sup><a id=\"ref-link-section-d56601826e771\" title=\"Menard, C. et al. Social stress induces neurovascular pathology, promoting depression. Nat. Neurosci. 20, 1752\u20131760 (2017).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41564-023-01564-y#ref-CR4\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Referenz 4\"><span>4<\/span><\/a><\/sup><span>. Simultaneously, it has been shown that the gut microbiota\u2014the community of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, archaea, protozoa, and fungi, that live in the gut\u2014influences via the microbiota-gut-brain axis <\/span> <sup><a id=\"ref-link-section-d56601826e775\" title=\"Collaborators, GMD Global, regional, and national burden of 12 mental disorders in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Psychiatry 9, 137\u2013150 (2022).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41564-023-01564-y#ref-CR2\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Referenz 2\"><span>2<\/span><\/a><a id=\"ref-link-section-d56601826e778\" title=\"Cryan, JF et al. The microbiota-gut-brain axis. Physiol. Rev. 99, 1877\u20132013 (2019).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41564-023-01564-y#ref-CR5\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Referenz 5\"><\/a><\/sup><span>  the development and function of the immune and nervous systems<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-2labvo-f577fc243eb07fb44146a0a9c9926b7a\">\n.flex_column.av-2labvo-f577fc243eb07fb44146a0a9c9926b7a{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-2labvo-f577fc243eb07fb44146a0a9c9926b7a av_one_half  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_one_half  avia-builder-el-last  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><p><section  class='av_textblock_section av-lth07wvq-50077e5cf6d5af93b0a9ab4ea925e4e8 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Bacteria account for the vast majority and metabolic capacity of cellular microorganisms in the gut and have been shown to modulate stress responses <sup><a id=\"ref-link-section-d56601826e782\" title=\"Foster, JA, Rinaman, L. &amp; Cryan, JF Stress and the gut-brain axis: Regulation by the microbiome. Neurobiol. Stress 7, 124\u2013136 (2017).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41564-023-01564-y#ref-CR6\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Referenz 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>. Although less explored, gut viruses, which predominantly consist of bacteriophages (or phages), infect bacteria and can replicate and lyse them or integrate into their host genome and replicate alongside them <sup><a id=\"ref-link-section-d56601826e786\" title=\"Lozupone, CA, Stombaugh, JI, Gordon, JI, Jansson, JK &amp; Knight, R. Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota. Nature 489, 220\u2013230 (2012).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41564-023-01564-y#ref-CR7\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Referenz 7\">7<\/a>, <a id=\"ref-link-section-d56601826e789\" title=\"Shkoporov, AN et al. The human gut virome is highly diverse, stable, and individual. Cell Host Microbe 26, 527\u2013541.e5 (2019).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41564-023-01564-y#ref-CR8\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Referenz 8\">8<\/a><\/sup>. These phages can modulate the structure and function of the microbiota and contribute to the diversity, stability, and resilience of the microbiota at the community level <sup><a id=\"ref-link-section-d56601826e794\" title=\"Shkoporov, AN, Turkington, CJ &amp; Hill, C. Mutualistic interplay between bacteriophages and bacteria in the human gut. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 20, 737\u2013749 (2022).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41564-023-01564-y#ref-CR9\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Referenz 9\">9<\/a><\/sup>  <\/p>\n<p>Nathaniel L. Ritz, Lorraine A. Draper, Thomaz FS Bastiaanssen, Christopher JR Turkington, Veronica L. Peterson, Marcel van de Wouw, Klara Vlckova, Christine F\u00fclling, Katherine E. Guzzetta, Aurelijus Burokas, Hugh Harris, Marion Dalmasso, Fiona Crispie, Paul D. Cotter, Andrey N. Shkoporov, Gerard M. Moloney, Timothy G. Dinan, Colin Hill &amp; John F. Cryan<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div  class='avia-button-wrap av-lt6y5l18-a5b0b47524ffc57cb16884a3ff8408e6-wrap avia-button-center  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last '><a href='https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41564-023-01564-y'  class='avia-button av-lt6y5l18-a5b0b47524ffc57cb16884a3ff8408e6 av-link-btn avia-icon_select-no avia-size-small avia-position-center avia-color-theme-color'   aria-label=\"to the study\"><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >to the study<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/p><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":558,"featured_media":8446,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8950","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-unkategorisiert"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.phage.help\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/phagen-1.jpg?fit=966%2C543&ssl=1","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pazElU-2km","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8950","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/558"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8950"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8950\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8953,"href":"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8950\/revisions\/8953"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8446"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8950"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8950"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.phage.help\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8950"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}